Is crop production restricted by
factors such as: no access to land, low-fertility soils, easily degraded soils? Many
persons may respond yes to this question, but a group of 35 women farmers in
the urban community of Pavas, Costa Rica did not consider that being landless was a
constraint to crop production. Instead, since 1995 these women have been using hydroponics
to produce medicinal plants and a range of vegetables. Hydroponics, which involves use of
a non-soil substrate to provide physical support for the plants, uses water as a medium to
deliver the nutrients for plant growth.
The 35-member group of women used a small area, approximately 15m2, to produce
vegetables such as peppers, onions, asparagus and in the process promoted agro-tourism in
their community. When necessary, organic pesticides were used by the women to control
pests and diseases. Their organic produce has been used by their families, and the surplus
sold to neighbours and institutions such as schools and hospitals in Pavas. From sales of
excess produce, the women created a revolving fund for the purchase of materials and
nutrients necessary for their hydroponic crop production system. The women farmers also
shared their knowledge through the training of other members of their community in the
production of vegetables using hydroponics.
Recycled plastic containers were used to hold the non-soil substrate, and through
recycling, the efficiency of water use improved. Less water was used for the cultivation
of vegetables grown in a hydroponic system than then amount required in conventional crop
production systems. In view of the World Banks prediction of a scarcity of water for
agriculture, it is exceedingly desirable to have a crop production system with reduced
water requirement.
The above factors together with the management of beneficial insects and reduced use of
chemical pesticides, were all essential elements which contributed to the success of the
project. The various activities have also resulted in improved self-esteem, higher
nutritional level of members of the community, increased household income, and improved
family integration.